SENSORS/ACTUATORS

INTERNET OF THING (IoT)

Arduino Nano 33 IoT - HTTP Request

Arduino Nano 33 IoT - Control Pump

This guide shows you how to use the Arduino Nano 33 IoT board to control a pump. You can also use this guide to create your own aquarium, cocktail maker, coffee machine, or watering system.

You can switch the pump with a relay or with a MOSFET module. The relay gives you just ON and OFF. The MOSFET module gives you ON and OFF as well, but it can also make the pump run slower or faster, which changes how much water flows. Both methods are covered below.

Hardware Preparation

1	×	Arduino Nano 33 IoT
1	×	Micro USB Cable
1	×	Relay
1	×	Alternatively, MOSFET Module (AOD4184, LR7843 or FR120N)
1	×	12V Pump
1	×	Vinyl Tube
1	×	12V Power Adapter
1	×	Breadboard
1	×	Jumper Wires
1	×	Optionally, DC Power Jack
1	×	Recommended: Screw Terminal Expansion Board for Arduino Nano
1	×	Recommended: Breakout Expansion Board for Arduino Nano
1	×	Recommended: Power Splitter for Arduino Nano

Or you can buy the following kits:

DIYables Sensor Kit (18 sensors/displays)

Disclosure: Some of the links provided in this section are Amazon affiliate links. We may receive a commission for any purchases made through these links at no additional cost to you.
Additionally, some of these links are for products from our own brand, DIYables .

Overview of 12V Pump

Pump Pinout

image source: diyables.io

A pump that runs on 12 volts has two wires:

Black wire (-): Attach this wire to the negative terminal of your 12V DC power supply.
Red wire (+): Attach this wire to the positive terminal of your 12V DC power supply.

How to Control Pump using Arduino Nano 33 IoT

If you connect a 12V power supply to a pump, the pump will run. You can control the pump with code using the Arduino Nano 33 IoT. To do this, you need to use a relay between the pump and the Arduino board. There is a detailed tutorial about using a relay. The guide explains the hardware connections, how it works, how to wire it to the Arduino Nano 33 IoT, and shows example code. Learn more in the Arduino Nano 33 IoT - Relay tutorial.

A MOSFET module is the other choice for the switch. To get to know the module first, read the Arduino Nano 33 IoT - MOSFET Module tutorial.

Relay vs MOSFET Module for Pump

	Relay	MOSFET Module
Pump control	Run or stop	Run or stop, and also set the flow with PWM
Lifetime	Contacts get worn over time	Nothing moves, so it lasts long
How fast it switches	Slow, in milliseconds	Very fast
Sound when switching	Clicks	Quiet
Pump type	DC or AC pump	DC pump only
Pump supply	Any voltage up to the relay rating	At least about 6V
Electrical isolation	Yes (coil and contacts)	Yes (PC817 optocoupler)
Best for	AC pumps, plain run/stop jobs	12V DC pumps that need flow control

If you want to pour a small, gentle stream or fill a cup slowly, choose the MOSFET module for your 12V pump. For a pump that runs on AC, the relay is the right part.

Wiring Diagram between Arduino Nano 33 IoT, Relay and Pump

The wiring diagram between Arduino Nano and 33 IoT Pump

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

Arduino Nano 33 IoT - Pump Code

The code below turns the pump on and off every 4 seconds.

Detailed Instructions

If you are new to the Arduino Nano 33 IoT, be sure to check out our Getting Started with Arduino Nano 33 IoT tutorial. Then, follow these steps:

Connect the components to the Arduino Nano 33 IoT board as depicted in the diagram.
Use a USB cable to connect the Arduino Nano 33 IoT board to your computer.
Launch the Arduino IDE on your computer.
Select the Arduino Nano 33 IoT board and choose its corresponding COM port.
Copy the above code and paste it into the Arduino IDE.
Compile and upload the code to the Arduino Nano 33 IoT board by clicking the Upload button in the Arduino IDE.
Check the pump’s status.

Line-by-line Code Explanation

The Arduino Nano 33 IoT code above explains each line. Please read the comments in the code!

How to Control Pump Flow with MOSFET Module

Here we drive the same 12V pump through a MOSFET module instead of the relay. The board sends PWM pulses, and the pump speed follows them.

Wiring Diagram between Arduino Nano 33 IoT, MOSFET Module and Pump

The wiring diagram between Arduino Nano and 33 IoT pump MOSFET module

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

Wire	Connect to
Pin D9 on Arduino Nano 33 IoT	PWM on the module
GND on Arduino Nano 33 IoT	GND on the module
Pump red wire (+) and 12V adapter +	+ terminal (both wires together)
Pump black wire (−)	LOAD terminal
12V adapter −	− terminal

The pump has a small motor inside. Add a 1N4007 or 1N5819 diode across the pump wires to protect the module: stripe (cathode) on the pump + wire, other end on the pump − wire.

Arduino Nano 33 IoT - Pump Flow Code

With this code, the pump runs at full flow for 2 seconds and stops for 2 seconds. Next, the flow grows from 10% to 100%, then drops back to zero.

/* * This Arduino Nano 33 IoT code was developed by newbiely.com * * This Arduino Nano 33 IoT code is made available for public use without any restriction * * For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit: * https://newbiely.com/tutorials/arduino-nano-iot/arduino-nano-33-iot-controls-pump */ const int MOSFET_PIN = 9; // Arduino Nano 33 IoT pin connected to the PWM pin of the MOSFET module void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(MOSFET_PIN, OUTPUT); analogWrite(MOSFET_PIN, 0); // start with the load OFF } void setLoad(int percent) { int duty = map(percent, 0, 100, 0, 255); // convert 0-100% to 0-255 analogWrite(MOSFET_PIN, duty); Serial.print("Load power: "); Serial.print(percent); Serial.println("%"); } void loop() { // turn the load fully ON, then fully OFF Serial.println("Load: ON"); setLoad(100); delay(2000); Serial.println("Load: OFF"); setLoad(0); delay(2000); // increase the power step by step (PWM) for (int percent = 10; percent <= 100; percent += 10) { setLoad(percent); delay(500); } // decrease the power step by step (PWM) for (int percent = 90; percent >= 0; percent -= 10) { setLoad(percent); delay(500); } delay(1000); }

Detailed Instructions

If the Arduino IDE is not ready yet, follow the first steps of the relay Quick Steps above.
Connect the pump, the diode and the module as shown. Do not plug in the 12V adapter yet.
Upload the code to the Arduino Nano 33 IoT board.
Put the pump in water, then plug in the 12V adapter.
Open the Serial Monitor at 9600 baud and watch the water flow change.

Newbiely | Arduino IDE 2.3.8

──

☐

Newbiely.ino

···

8 Serial.println("Hello World!");

Output

Serial Monitor

Message (Enter to send message to 'Arduino Nano 33 IoT' on 'COM15')

New Line

9600 baud

Load: ON Load power: 100% Load: OFF Load power: 0% Load power: 10% Load power: 20% Load power: 30% Load power: 40% Load power: 50% Load power: 60% Load power: 70% Load power: 80% Load power: 90% Load power: 100% Load power: 90% Load power: 80% Load power: 70% Load power: 60% Load power: 50% Load power: 40% Load power: 30% Load power: 20% Load power: 10% Load power: 0%

Ln 11, Col 1

Arduino Nano 33 IoT on COM15

At low power, a small pump may not push any water. Keep this in mind when you choose your flow values.

※ NOTE THAT:

Never let the pump run dry. Also note that the MOSFET module works only with DC, and it needs a pump supply of about 6V or more. Use the relay for an AC pump.

Video Tutorial

Learn More

※ OUR MESSAGES

As freelancers, We are AVAILABLE for HIRE. See how to outsource your project to us
Please feel free to share the link of this tutorial. However, Please do not use our content on any other websites. We invested a lot of effort and time to create the content, please respect our work!