Raspberry Pi - Door Sensor - Relay
This tutorial instructs you how to use the Raspberry Pi and door sensor to control the relay. By connecting the relay to a soleniod lock, light bulb, LED strip, motor, or actuator..., we can use a door sensor to control the them. We will learn two different applications:
Application 1 - The relay is activated when door is open and the relay is deactivated when door is closed. The relay state is synchronized with the door sensor state. In detail:
- Raspberry Pi turns on the relay when the door is opened.
- Raspberry Pi turns off the relay when the door is closed.
Application 2 - The relay state is toggled each time the door is opened. More specifically:
- If Raspberry Pi detects that the door has been opened (the sensor state changes from LOW to HIGH), it will turn ON the relay if it's currently OFF, or turn OFF the relay if it's currently ON.
- Closing the door sensor does not affect to the relay state.
Hardware Preparation
Or you can buy the following sensor kits:
| 1 | × | DIYables Sensor Kit (30 sensors/displays) | |
| 1 | × | DIYables Sensor Kit (18 sensors/displays) |
Disclosure: Some of the links provided in this section are Amazon affiliate links. We may receive a commission for any purchases made through these links at no additional cost to you.
Additionally, some of these links are for products from our own brand, DIYables.
Additionally, some of these links are for products from our own brand, DIYables.
Overview of Relay and Door Sensor
If you are unfamiliar with relay and door sensor (including pinout, operation, and programming), the following tutorials can help:
Wiring Diagram
This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image
Application 1 - The relay state is in sync with the door sensor state
Detailed Instructions
- Make sure you have Raspbian or any other Raspberry Pi compatible operating system installed on your Pi.
- Make sure your Raspberry Pi is connected to the same local network as your PC.
- Make sure your Raspberry Pi is connected to the internet if you need to install some libraries.
- If this is the first time you use Raspberry Pi, See how to set up the Raspberry Pi
- Connect your PC to the Raspberry Pi via SSH using the built-in SSH client on Linux and macOS or PuTTY on Windows. See to how connect your PC to Raspberry Pi via SSH.
- Make sure you have the RPi.GPIO library installed. If not, install it using the following command:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3-rpi.gpio
- Create a Python script file door_sensor_relay.py and add the following code:
"""
This Raspberry Pi code was developed by newbiely.com
This Raspberry Pi code is made available for public use without any restriction
For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit:
https://newbiely.com/tutorials/raspberry-pi/raspberry-pi-door-sensor-relay
"""
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
# Set the GPIO mode (BCM or BOARD)
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
# Define the GPIO pin number to which the relay is connected
RELAY_PIN = 20
# Define the GPIO pin number to which the door sensor is connected
DOOR_SENSOR_PIN = 18
# Set up the GPIO pins
GPIO.setup(DOOR_SENSOR_PIN, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP) # Input with pull-up resistor
GPIO.setup(RELAY_PIN, GPIO.OUT) # Output
try:
while True:
door_state = GPIO.input(DOOR_SENSOR_PIN)
if door_state == GPIO.HIGH:
print("The door is open")
GPIO.output(RELAY_PIN, GPIO.HIGH) # Turn the relay on
else:
print("The door is closed")
GPIO.output(RELAY_PIN, GPIO.LOW) # Turn the relay off
except KeyboardInterrupt:
GPIO.output(RELAY_PIN, GPIO.LOW) # Turn off the relay
GPIO.cleanup()
- Save the file and run the Python script by executing the following command in the terminal:
python3 door_sensor_relay.py
- Open and close the door
- Check out the change in the relay's condition. You will see that the relay state is in sync with the door sensor state.
The script runs in an infinite loop continuously until you press Ctrl + C in the terminal.
Code Explanation
Check out the line-by-line explanation contained in the comments of the source code!
Application 2 - Door Sensor toggles Relay
Detailed Instructions
- Create a Python script file door_toggle_relay.py and add the following code:
"""
This Raspberry Pi code was developed by newbiely.com
This Raspberry Pi code is made available for public use without any restriction
For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit:
https://newbiely.com/tutorials/raspberry-pi/raspberry-pi-door-sensor-relay
"""
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
# Constants won't change
DOOR_SENSOR_PIN = 18 # The number of the door sensor pin
RELAY_PIN = 20 # The number of the relay pin
# Variables will change
relay_state = GPIO.LOW # The current state of the relay
prev_door_state = GPIO.LOW # The previous state of the door sensor
door_state = GPIO.LOW # The current state of the door sensor
# Set up GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM) # Use BCM GPIO numbering
GPIO.setup(RELAY_PIN, GPIO.OUT) # Initialize the relay pin as an output
GPIO.setup(DOOR_SENSOR_PIN, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP) # Initialize the door sensor pin as a pull-up input
try:
while True:
# Read the state of the door sensor value
prev_door_state = door_state # Save the last state
door_state = GPIO.input(DOOR_SENSOR_PIN) # Read new state
if prev_door_state == GPIO.LOW and door_state == GPIO.HIGH:
time.sleep(0.1) # 100 milliseconds debounce time
print("The door is closed")
# Toggle the state of the relay
if relay_state == GPIO.LOW:
relay_state = GPIO.HIGH
else:
relay_state = GPIO.LOW
# Control relay according to the toggled state
GPIO.output(RELAY_PIN, relay_state)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
# Clean up GPIO on program exit
GPIO.cleanup()
- Save the file and run the Python script by executing the following command in the terminal:
python3 door_toggle_relay.py
- Open and close the door several times.
- Check out the change in the relay's state. You'll notice that the relay will switch on or off one time whenever you open the door.