Raspberry Pi - Keypad
This tutorial instructs you how to use Raspberry Pi with keypad 3x4 and 4x4. In detail, we will learn:
- How to connect Raspberry Pi to keypad 3x4 and keypad 4x4.
- How to program Raspberry Pi to read value from keypad 3x4 and keypad 4x4.
- How Raspberry Pi checks the password inputted from keypad 3x4 and keypad 4x4.
Hardware Preparation
| 1 | × | Raspberry Pi 4 Model B | |
| 1 | × | Keypad 3x4 and 4x4 Kit | |
| 1 | × | (Optional) Screw Terminal Adapter for Raspberry Pi |
Or you can buy the following sensor kits:
| 1 | × | DIYables Sensor Kit (30 sensors/displays) | |
| 1 | × | DIYables Sensor Kit (18 sensors/displays) |
Disclosure: Some of the links provided in this section are Amazon affiliate links. We may receive a commission for any purchases made through these links at no additional cost to you. We appreciate your support.
Overview of Keypad
A keypad is a collection of keys that are organized in rows and columns, referred to as a matrix. Each individual button is known as a key. There are different kinds of keypads. Two of the most commonly used for DIY projects are the 3x4 (12 keys) and 4x4 (16 keys).
The Keypad Pinout
The pins are separated into two categories: rows and columns.
- A 3x4 keypad has seven pins:. Four of them are row-pins, labeled R1, R2, R3, and R4. The remaining three are column-pins, labeled C1, C2, and C3.
- A 4x4 keypad has eight pins:. Four of them are row-pins, labeled R1, R2, R3, and R4. The other four are column-pins, labeled C1, C2, C3, and C4.
Wiring Diagram
- The wiring diagram between Raspberry Pi and keypad 3x4
This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image
- The wiring diagram between Raspberry Pi and keypad 4x4
This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image
Raspberry Pi Code
Raspberry Pi Code for Keypad 3x4
# This Raspberry Pi code was developed by newbiely.com
# This Raspberry Pi code is made available for public use without any restriction
# For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit:
# https://newbiely.com/tutorials/raspberry-pi/raspberry-pi-keypad
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
# Define keypad layout
KEYPAD = [
[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9],
['*', 0, '#']
]
# Define GPIO pins for rows and columns
ROWS = [4, 17, 27, 22]
COLS = [5, 6, 13]
# Initialize GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
# Set up row pins as inputs with pull-up resistors
for row_pin in ROWS:
GPIO.setup(row_pin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)
# Set up column pins as outputs
for col_pin in COLS:
GPIO.setup(col_pin, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(col_pin, GPIO.HIGH)
def get_key():
key = None
# Scan each column
for col_num, col_pin in enumerate(COLS):
GPIO.output(col_pin, GPIO.LOW)
# Check each row
for row_num, row_pin in enumerate(ROWS):
if GPIO.input(row_pin) == GPIO.LOW:
key = KEYPAD[row_num][col_num]
# Wait for key release
while GPIO.input(row_pin) == GPIO.LOW:
time.sleep(0.05)
GPIO.output(col_pin, GPIO.HIGH)
return key
try:
while True:
pressed_key = get_key()
if pressed_key is not None:
print(f"Pressed: {pressed_key}")
time.sleep(0.1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
GPIO.cleanup()
Raspberry Pi Code for Keypad 4x4
# This Raspberry Pi code was developed by newbiely.com
# This Raspberry Pi code is made available for public use without any restriction
# For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit:
# https://newbiely.com/tutorials/raspberry-pi/raspberry-pi-keypad
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
# Define keypad layout
KEYPAD = [
[1, 2, 3, 'A'],
[4, 5, 6, 'B'],
[7, 8, 9, 'C'],
['*', 0, '#', 'D']
]
# Define GPIO pins for rows and columns
ROWS = [4, 17, 27, 22]
COLS = [5, 6, 13, 19]
# Initialize GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
# Set up row pins as inputs with pull-up resistors
for row_pin in ROWS:
GPIO.setup(row_pin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)
# Set up column pins as outputs
for col_pin in COLS:
GPIO.setup(col_pin, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(col_pin, GPIO.HIGH)
def get_key():
key = None
# Scan each column
for col_num, col_pin in enumerate(COLS):
GPIO.output(col_pin, GPIO.LOW)
# Check each row
for row_num, row_pin in enumerate(ROWS):
if GPIO.input(row_pin) == GPIO.LOW:
key = KEYPAD[row_num][col_num]
# Wait for key release
while GPIO.input(row_pin) == GPIO.LOW:
time.sleep(0.05)
GPIO.output(col_pin, GPIO.HIGH)
return key
try:
while True:
pressed_key = get_key()
if pressed_key is not None:
print(f"Pressed: {pressed_key}")
time.sleep(0.1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
GPIO.cleanup()
Detailed Instructions
- Make sure you have Raspbian or any other Raspberry Pi compatible operating system installed on your Pi.
- Make sure your Raspberry Pi is connected to the same local network as your PC.
- Make sure your Raspberry Pi is connected to the internet if you need to install some libraries.
- If this is the first time you use Raspberry Pi, See how to set up the Raspberry Pi
- Connect your PC to the Raspberry Pi via SSH using the built-in SSH client on Linux and macOS or PuTTY on Windows. See to how connect your PC to Raspberry Pi via SSH.
- Make sure you have the RPi.GPIO library installed. If not, install it using the following command:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3-rpi.gpio
- Create a Python script file keypad.py and add one of the above code.
- Save the file and run the Python script by executing the following command in the terminal:
python3 keypad.py
The script runs in an infinite loop continuously until you press Ctrl + C in the terminal.
- Press some keys on the keypad.
- Check out the result in the Serial Monitor.
PuTTY - Raspberry Pi
3
6
9
4
*
#
Keypad and Password
A common use of a keypad is to enter a password. We designate two specific keys for this purpose:
- A key to initiate or restart the password input, such as the "*" key
- A key to end the password input, such as the "#" key
The password will comprise of a string that consists of all the other keys, apart from two specific special keys.
When a key is pressed:
- If the key is not "*" or "#", add the key to the user's input password string.
- If the key is "#", compare the user's input string with the valid passwords to determine if the input password is correct, then clear the user's input password string.
- If the key is "*", clear the user's input password string.
Keypad - Password Code
Detailed Instructions
- Create a Python script file keypad_password.py and add the following code:
# This Raspberry Pi code was developed by newbiely.com
# This Raspberry Pi code is made available for public use without any restriction
# For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit:
# https://newbiely.com/tutorials/raspberry-pi/raspberry-pi-keypad
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
# Define keypad layout
KEYPAD = [
[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9],
['*', 0, '#']
]
# Define GPIO pins for rows, columns, and relay
ROW_PINS = [17, 27, 22, 24]
COL_PINS = [25, 8, 7]
# Password to unlock
PASSWORD = [1, 2, 3, 4]
# Initialize GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
# Set up row pins as inputs with pull-up resistors
for row_pin in ROW_PINS:
GPIO.setup(row_pin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)
# Set up column pins as outputs
for col_pin in COL_PINS:
GPIO.setup(col_pin, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(col_pin, GPIO.HIGH)
def get_key():
key = None
# Scan each column
for col_num, col_pin in enumerate(COL_PINS):
GPIO.output(col_pin, GPIO.LOW)
# Check each row
for row_num, row_pin in enumerate(ROW_PINS):
if GPIO.input(row_pin) == GPIO.LOW:
key = KEYPAD[row_num][col_num]
# Wait for key release
while GPIO.input(row_pin) == GPIO.LOW:
time.sleep(0.05)
GPIO.output(col_pin, GPIO.HIGH)
return key
def check_password(input_password):
return input_password == PASSWORD
entered_keys = []
try:
while True:
pressed_key = get_key()
if pressed_key is not None:
print(f"Pressed: {pressed_key}")
if pressed_key == '*':
entered_keys = [] # reset the input password
elif pressed_key == '#':
if check_password(entered_keys):
print("Password correct! Access granted.")
break
else:
print("Incorrect password. Try again.")
entered_keys = [] # reset the input password
else:
entered_keys.append(pressed_key)
time.sleep(0.1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
GPIO.cleanup()
- Save the file and run the Python script by executing the following command in the terminal:
python3 keypad_password.py
The script runs in an infinite loop continuously until you press Ctrl + C in the terminal.
- Run the code above.
- Open the Serial Monitor.
- Press "123456" followed by the "#" key.
- Press "1234" followed by the "#" key.
- Check out the result on the Serial Monitor.
PuTTY - Raspberry Pi
Incorrect password. Try again.
Password correct! Access granted.