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Arduino UNO R4 - DIP Switch

DIP (Dual In-line Package) switches are often used in electronics to set up devices, like setting addresses or turning features on and off. In this guide, we will learn how to use a DIP switch with Arduino UNO R4. We will cover:

A DIP switch is a small device used to control electronic circuits. It has several switches that you can turn on or off to change settings.
To connect a DIP switch to an Arduino UNO R3, connect one side of the switches to Arduino's digital pins and the other side to the ground.
To make the Arduino read whether the DIP switches are on or off, set up digital pins as inputs in your program. Use digitalRead() function to check the state of each switch.
To have the Arduino read a number set by the DIP switches, treat each switch as a binary digit. Combine their on/off states to form a binary number, then convert it to a decimal integer to use in your program.

Hardware Preparation

1	×	Arduino UNO R4 WiFi or Arduino UNO R4 Minima
1	×	USB Cable Type-A to Type-C (for USB-A PC)
1	×	USB Cable Type-C to Type-C (for USB-C PC)
1	×	DIP Switch
1	×	Breadboard
1	×	Jumper Wires
1	×	Recommended: Screw Terminal Block Shield for Arduino UNO R4
1	×	Recommended: Breadboard Shield for Arduino UNO R4
1	×	Recommended: Enclosure for Arduino UNO R4
1	×	Recommended: Power Splitter for Arduino UNO R4
1	×	Recommended: Prototyping Base Plate & Breadboard Kit for Arduino UNO

Or you can buy the following sensor kits:

1	×	DIYables Sensor Kit (30 sensors/displays)
1	×	DIYables Sensor Kit (18 sensors/displays)

Disclosure: Some of the links provided in this section are Amazon affiliate links. We may receive a commission for any purchases made through these links at no additional cost to you.
Additionally, some of these links are for products from our own brand, DIYables .

Overview of DIP Switch

DIP switches are mainly used to configure devices, letting users adjust settings like device address, communication options, security codes, operation mode, and system preferences for different uses and industries.

A DIP switch consists of multiple tiny slide switches combined into one unit. Each slide switch is called a "position". There are different kinds of DIP switches, each with a specific number of positions such as 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, or 10.

A DIP switch can be set to represent different numbers. Each switch position connects to a bit in the number. By switching these positions ON or OFF, we can choose the number we need.

Pinout

image source: diyables.io

A DIP switch has two rows of pins. The number of pins in each row matches the number of switch positions. For example, in a DIP switch with 4 positions, there are 8 pins total, with 4 pins on each side. Each pair of pins across from each other forms a slide switch. It's important to note that it doesn't matter which side a pin is on because the pins are interchangeable.

How It Works

When a DIP switch is ON, it is closed. This allows electricity to flow through the switch.

When a switch is OFF, it is open. This means the electrical connection is broken and no current can flow through the switch.

To make it clear:

ON position: Circuit is closed, current can pass.
OFF position: Circuit is open, current cannot pass.

When you connect one side of the switch to GND and the other side to the Arduino UNO R4 pin, and set the Arduino UNO R4 pin as a pull-up digital input, the table below shows the relationship between the switch position and the values read from the Arduino UNO R4.

DIP switch position	Binary representation	Circuit state	Arduino UNO R4 pin state
ON	1	CLOSED	LOW
OFF	0	OPEN	HIGH

In the following sections, we will use a 4-position DIP switch as an example. You can also adjust this for 2-position, 3-position, 5-position, 6-position, 8-position, and 10-position DIP switches.

Wiring Diagram

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

See The best way to supply power to the Arduino Uno R4 and other components.

Arduino UNO R4 Code - DIP Switch

We will explore using two code examples:

Checking if each switch is ON or OFF.
Turning these switch positions into a number.

Arduino UNO R4 code - Reading the ON/OFF state of the DIP switch

/* * This Arduino UNO R4 code was developed by newbiely.com * * This Arduino UNO R4 code is made available for public use without any restriction * * For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit: * https://newbiely.com/tutorials/arduino-uno-r4/arduino-uno-r4-dip-switch */ #define POSITION_NUM 4 #define ON LOW #define OFF HIGH // define the pins connected to the dip switch const int SWITCH_PINS[] = { 2, 3, 4, 5 }; void setup() { // initialize serial communication Serial.begin(9600); // set the dip switch pins as inputs with pull-up resistors enabled for (int i = 0; i < POSITION_NUM; i++) pinMode(SWITCH_PINS[i], INPUT_PULLUP); } void loop() { // Read the state of each switch position for (int i = 0; i < POSITION_NUM; i++) { Serial.print("position "); Serial.print(i + 1); Serial.print(": "); int state = digitalRead(SWITCH_PINS[i]); if (state == ON) Serial.println("ON "); else Serial.println("OFF "); } Serial.println(); // add a delay to prevent rapid readings delay(500); }

Detailed Instructions

Follow these instructions step by step:

If this is your first time using the Arduino Uno R4 WiFi/Minima, refer to the tutorial on setting up the environment for Arduino Uno R4 WiFi/Minima in the Arduino IDE.
Wire the components according to the provided diagram.
Connect the Arduino Uno R4 board to your computer using a USB cable.
Launch the Arduino IDE on your computer.
Select the appropriate Arduino Uno R4 board (e.g., Arduino Uno R4 WiFi) and COM port.
Follow the wiring diagram provided.
Connect the Arduino UNO R4 to your computer using a USB cable.
Launch the Arduino IDE software.
Choose the correct board and port.
Click the Upload button in the Arduino IDE to send the code to the Arduino UNO R4.
Turn on each switch of the DIP Switch one at a time.
Check the results on the Serial Monitor.

COM6

Send

position 1: OFF position 2: OFF position 3: OFF position 4: OFF position 1: ON position 2: OFF position 3: OFF position 4: OFF position 1: ON position 2: ON position 3: OFF position 4: OFF position 1: ON position 2: ON position 3: ON position 4: OFF position 1: ON position 2: ON position 3: ON position 4: ON

Autoscroll Show timestamp

Clear output

9600 baud

Newline

Arduino UNO R4 code - Encoding the states of DIP switch into a number

/* * This Arduino UNO R4 code was developed by newbiely.com * * This Arduino UNO R4 code is made available for public use without any restriction * * For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit: * https://newbiely.com/tutorials/arduino-uno-r4/arduino-uno-r4-dip-switch */ #define POSITION_NUM 4 #define ON LOW #define OFF HIGH // define the pins connected to the dip switch const int SWITCH_PINS[] = { 2, 3, 4, 5 }; void setup() { // Initialize serial communication Serial.begin(9600); // Set the DIP switch pins as inputs with pull-up resistors enabled for (int i = 0; i < POSITION_NUM; i++) pinMode(SWITCH_PINS[i], INPUT_PULLUP); } void loop() { int encoded_state = 0; for (int i = 0; i < POSITION_NUM; i++) { int state = digitalRead(SWITCH_PINS[i]); if (state == ON) encoded_state |= 1 << (POSITION_NUM - i - 1); } Serial.print("encoded state: "); Serial.println(encoded_state); // add a delay to prevent rapid readings delay(500); }

Detailed Instructions

Follow these instructions step by step:

If this is your first time using the Arduino Uno R4 WiFi/Minima, refer to the tutorial on setting up the environment for Arduino Uno R4 WiFi/Minima in the Arduino IDE.
Wire the components according to the provided diagram.
Connect the Arduino Uno R4 board to your computer using a USB cable.
Launch the Arduino IDE on your computer.
Select the appropriate Arduino Uno R4 board (e.g., Arduino Uno R4 WiFi) and COM port.
Upload the code to Arduino UNO R4.
Turn on each switch on the DIP switch one at a time.
Check the Serial Monitor to see the results, which will appear as follows.

COM6

Send

encoded state: 0 encoded state: 1 encoded state: 2 encoded state: 3 encoded state: 4 encoded state: 5 encoded state: 6 encoded state: 7 encoded state: 8 encoded state: 9 encoded state: 10 encoded state: 11 encoded state: 12 encoded state: 13 encoded state: 14 encoded state: 15

Autoscroll Show timestamp

Clear output

9600 baud

Newline

Be aware that the value changes based on the positions of each slide switch. The table below displays how the ON/OFF positions correspond to the integer values for a 4-position DIP switch:

Position-1	Position-2	Position-3	Position-4	Binary Value	Decimal Value
OFF	OFF	OFF	OFF	0000	0
OFF	OFF	OFF	ON	0001	1
OFF	OFF	ON	OFF	0010	2
OFF	OFF	ON	ON	0011	3
OFF	ON	OFF	OFF	0100	4
OFF	ON	OFF	ON	0101	5
OFF	ON	ON	OFF	0110	6
OFF	ON	ON	ON	0111	7
ON	OFF	OFF	OFF	1000	8
ON	OFF	OFF	ON	1001	9
ON	OFF	ON	OFF	1010	10
ON	OFF	ON	ON	1011	11
ON	ON	OFF	OFF	1100	12
ON	ON	OFF	ON	1101	13
ON	ON	ON	OFF	1110	14
ON	ON	ON	ON	1111	15

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