Arduino Nano ESP32 - LED RGB

This tutorial provides instructions on how to control RGB LED to emit any color using Arduino Nano ESP32.

Hardware Preparation

1	×	Arduino Nano ESP32
1	×	USB Cable Type-A to Type-C (for USB-A PC)
1	×	USB Cable Type-C to Type-C (for USB-C PC)
1	×	RGB LED
1	×	Alternatively, RGB LED Module
1	×	Breadboard
1	×	Jumper Wires
1	×	Optionally, DC Power Jack
1	×	Recommended: Screw Terminal Expansion Board for Arduino Nano
1	×	Recommended: Breakout Expansion Board for Arduino Nano
1	×	Recommended: Power Splitter for Arduino Nano ESP32

Or you can buy the following sensor kits:

1	×	DIYables Sensor Kit (30 sensors/displays)
1	×	DIYables Sensor Kit (18 sensors/displays)

Disclosure: Some of the links provided in this section are Amazon affiliate links. We may receive a commission for any purchases made through these links at no additional cost to you.
Additionally, some of these links are for products from our own brand, DIYables .

Overview of RGB LED

The RGB LED can emit any colors by mixing the 3 basic colors red, green and blue. A single RGB LED is composed of 3 LEDs: red, green and blue. These three LEDs are packed into a single case so that it looks like a single LED.

RGB LED Pinout

RGB LED includes four pins:

R (red) pin: is to control the red color element
G (green) pin: is to control the green color element
B (blue) pin: is to control the blue color element
Common (Cathode-) pin: connect this pin to GND (0V)

To hook up RGB LED to ESP32, we gotta add current-limiting resistors. This can complicate the wiring. Luckily, we can use an RGB LED module that comes with pre-built current-limiting resistors.

RGB LED Module also includes four pins:

Common (Cathode-) pin: needs to be connected to GND (0V)
R (red): pin is used to control red
G (green): pin is used to control green
B (blue): pin is used to control blue

※ NOTE THAT:

According to the common pin, there are two types of LED: common anode and common cathode. This tutorial uses a common cathode LED.

How RGB LED works

In term of physics, a color is a combination of three color elements: Red (R), Green (G) and Blue (B). Each color element's value range is from 0 to 255. The combination of values of three color elements create 256 x 256 x 256 colors in total.

If we generate PWM signals to R, G, B pins, the RGB LED diplays a color corresponding to the PWM duty cycle values. By changing the duty cycle of PWM signals (from 0 to 255), the RGB LED can display any color. The color values of Red (R), Grean (G) and Blue (B) correspond to PWM duty cycle on R, G and B pins , respectively.

Wiring Diagram between RGB LED and Arduino Nano ESP32

Wiring diagram between Arduino Nano ESP32 and RGB LED

The wiring diagram between Arduino Nano ESP32 and RGB LED

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

Wiring diagram between Arduino Nano ESP32 and RGB LED module

The wiring diagram between Arduino Nano ESP32 and RGB LED module

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

How To Control RGB LED

Let's assume that we want to display #00979D color on RGB LED, we can do the following step:

Find the color code. Tips:

You can pick up color code you want from the color picker
If you want to use color in an image, use online Colors From Image tool

Convert color code to R, G, B values using the tool from w3school. Take note these values. in this case: R = 0, G = 151, B = 157

Define Arduino Nano ESP32 pins that connects to R, G, and B pins. For example:

#define PIN_RED D11 // The Arduino Nano ESP32 pin connected to R pin #define PIN_GREEN D10 // The Arduino Nano ESP32 pin connected to G pin #define PIN_BLUE D9 // The Arduino Nano ESP32 pin connected to B pin

Configure these Arduino Nano ESP32 pins to the output mode

pinMode(PIN_RED, OUTPUT); pinMode(PIN_GREEN, OUTPUT); pinMode(PIN_BLUE, OUTPUT);

Control LED to emit that color (#00979D → R = 0, G = 151, B = 157)

analogWrite(PIN_RED, 0); analogWrite(PIN_GREEN, 151); analogWrite(PIN_BLUE, 157);

Arduino Nano ESP32 - RGB LED Example Code

The below code changes color of LED among following colors in sequence:

#00C9CC (R = 0, G = 201, B = 204)
#F7788A (R = 247, G = 120, B = 138)
#34A853 (R = 52, G = 168, B = 83)

/* * This Arduino Nano ESP32 code was developed by newbiely.com * * This Arduino Nano ESP32 code is made available for public use without any restriction * * For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit: * https://newbiely.com/tutorials/arduino-nano-esp32/arduino-nano-esp32-led-rgb */ #define PIN_RED D11 // The Arduino Nano ESP32 pin connected to R pin #define PIN_GREEN D10 // The Arduino Nano ESP32 pin connected to G pin #define PIN_BLUE D9 // The Arduino Nano ESP32 pin connected to B pin void setup() { pinMode(PIN_RED, OUTPUT); pinMode(PIN_GREEN, OUTPUT); pinMode(PIN_BLUE, OUTPUT); } void loop() { // color code #00C9CC (R = 0, G = 201, B = 204) analogWrite(PIN_RED, 0); analogWrite(PIN_GREEN, 201); analogWrite(PIN_BLUE, 204); delay(1000); // keep the color 1 second // color code #F7788A (R = 247, G = 120, B = 138) analogWrite(PIN_RED, 247); analogWrite(PIN_GREEN, 120); analogWrite(PIN_BLUE, 138); delay(1000); // keep the color 1 second // color code #34A853 (R = 52, G = 168, B = 83) analogWrite(PIN_RED, 52); analogWrite(PIN_GREEN, 168); analogWrite(PIN_BLUE, 83); delay(1000); // keep the color 1 second }

When using many colors, we could shorten the code by creating a function:

/* * This Arduino Nano ESP32 code was developed by newbiely.com * * This Arduino Nano ESP32 code is made available for public use without any restriction * * For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit: * https://newbiely.com/tutorials/arduino-nano-esp32/arduino-nano-esp32-led-rgb */ #define PIN_RED D11 // The Arduino Nano ESP32 pin connected to R pin #define PIN_GREEN D10 // The Arduino Nano ESP32 pin connected to G pin #define PIN_BLUE D9 // The Arduino Nano ESP32 pin connected to B pin void setup() { pinMode(PIN_RED, OUTPUT); pinMode(PIN_GREEN, OUTPUT); pinMode(PIN_BLUE, OUTPUT); } void loop() { // color code #00C9CC (R = 0, G = 201, B = 204) setColor(0, 201, 204); delay(1000); // keep the color 1 second // color code #F7788A (R = 247, G = 120, B = 138) setColor(247, 120, 138); delay(1000); // keep the color 1 second // color code #34A853 (R = 52, G = 168, B = 83) setColor(52, 168, 83); delay(1000); // keep the color 1 second } void setColor(int R, int G, int B) { analogWrite(PIN_RED, R); analogWrite(PIN_GREEN, G); analogWrite(PIN_BLUE, B); }

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