Arduino Nano ESP32 - Ultrasonic Sensor - Servo Motor

This tutorial instructs you how to use Arduino Nano ESP32 with the potentiometer to control servo motor. In detail:

The Arduino Nano ESP32 automatically rotates a servo motor to 90° if an object is close to ultrasonic sensor
The Arduino Nano ESP32 automatically rotates a servo motor back to 0° if an object is far from ultrasonic sensor

Hardware Preparation

1	×	Arduino Nano ESP32
1	×	USB Cable Type-A to Type-C (for USB-A PC)
1	×	USB Cable Type-C to Type-C (for USB-C PC)
1	×	Ultrasonic Sensor
1	×	Servo Motor
1	×	Breadboard
1	×	Jumper Wires
1	×	Optionally, DC Power Jack
1	×	Recommended: Screw Terminal Expansion Board for Arduino Nano
1	×	Recommended: Breakout Expansion Board for Arduino Nano
1	×	Recommended: Power Splitter for Arduino Nano ESP32

Or you can buy the following kits:

DIYables Sensor Kit (18 sensors/displays)

Disclosure: Some of the links provided in this section are Amazon affiliate links. We may receive a commission for any purchases made through these links at no additional cost to you.
Additionally, some of these links are for products from our own brand, DIYables .

Buy Note: For controlling multiple servo motors, use the PCA9685 16 Channel PWM Servo Driver Module to save MCU pins and simplify wiring.

Overview of Servo Motor and Ultrasonic Sensor

We have specific tutorials about servo motor and ultrasonic sensor. Each tutorial contains detailed information and step-by-step instructions about hardware pinout, working principle, wiring connection to ESP32, Arduino Nano ESP32 code... Learn more about them at the following links:

Wiring Diagram

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

If you plan to keep this circuit, think about screw terminals. In this case, use a Screw Terminal Expansion Board for Arduino Nano. The Arduino Nano ESP32 plugs into it, and each pin gets a screw terminal. Here is the same circuit wired through the screw terminal board:

The wiring diagram between Arduino Nano ESP32 and Ultrasonic Sensor Servo Motor Screw Terminal

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

Arduino Nano ESP32 Code - Ultrasonic Sensor Controls Servo Motor

/* * This Arduino Nano ESP32 code was developed by newbiely.com * * This Arduino Nano ESP32 code is made available for public use without any restriction * * For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit: * https://newbiely.com/tutorials/arduino-nano-esp32/arduino-nano-esp32-ultrasonic-sensor-servo-motor */ #include <ESP32Servo.h> #define TRIG_PIN D5 // The Arduino Nano ESP32 pin connected to Ultrasonic Sensor's TRIG pin #define ECHO_PIN D4 // The Arduino Nano ESP32 pin connected to Ultrasonic Sensor's ECHO pin #define SERVO_PIN D2 // The Arduino Nano ESP32 pin connected to Servo Motor's pin #define DISTANCE_THRESHOLD 50 // centimeters Servo servo; // create servo object to control a servo // variables will change: float duration_us, distance_cm; void setup() { Serial.begin (9600); // initialize serial port pinMode(TRIG_PIN, OUTPUT); // set ESP32 pin to output mode pinMode(ECHO_PIN, INPUT); // set ESP32 pin to input mode servo.attach(SERVO_PIN); // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object servo.write(0); } void loop() { // generate 10-microsecond pulse to TRIG pin digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(10); digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW); // measure duration of pulse from ECHO pin duration_us = pulseIn(ECHO_PIN, HIGH); // calculate the distance distance_cm = 0.017 * duration_us; if (distance_cm < DISTANCE_THRESHOLD) servo.write(90); // rotate servo motor to 90 degree else servo.write(0); // rotate servo motor to 0 degree // print the value to Serial Monitor Serial.print("distance: "); Serial.print(distance_cm); Serial.println(" cm"); delay(500); }

Detailed Instructions

To get started with Arduino Nano ESP32, follow these steps:

If you are new to Arduino Nano ESP32, refer to the tutorial on how to set up the environment for Arduino Nano ESP32 in the Arduino IDE.
Wire the components according to the provided diagram.
Connect the Arduino Nano ESP32 board to your computer using a USB cable.
Launch the Arduino IDE on your computer.
Select the Arduino Nano ESP32 board and its corresponding COM port.
Click to the Libraries icon on the left bar of the Arduino IDE.
Type ESP32Servo on the search box, then look for the servo library by Kevin Harrington,John K. Bennett.
Click Install button to install servo motor library for ESP32.

Copy the above code and paste it to Arduino IDE.
Compile and upload code to Arduino Nano ESP32 board by clicking Upload button on Arduino IDE
Move your hand in front of sensor
See the change of servo motor

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