ESP32 UNO - Round Circular TFT LCD Display
Want a smartwatch-style screen on the ESP32 Uno? Wire a 1.28 inch round GC9A01 TFT LCD to the ESP32 Uno form board, and a few lines of Arduino code give you colorful text, shapes, pictures and a moving clock face on a 240x240 circle.
By the end, you can:
- Connect the round TFT LCD to the ESP32 Uno over SPI
- Install the DIYables_TFT_Round library in the Arduino IDE
- Print text, numbers and custom fonts on a circular screen
- Show a bitmap from flash memory or from a microSD card
- Run an analog clock and a servo-driven radar screen
Six ready sketches are included:
| Sketch | What It Shows |
|---|---|
| ShowTextAndNumber | Colored text, a float temperature and a humidity value |
| UseExternalFont | Three Adafruit GFX fonts next to the default font |
| DrawShapes | Circles, triangles, rectangles and diamonds, redrawn every 10 seconds |
| DrawImage | A bitmap stored in the program memory |
| DrawImageSDcard | A BMP picture loaded from a microSD card |
| ClockWatch | An analog clock with a digital time line |
A seventh sketch, the Panoramic Radar, comes at the end of this page.
Components You Need
| 1 | × | ESP32 Uno-form Board | |
| 1 | × | USB Cable Type-A to Type-C (for USB-A PC) | |
| 1 | × | USB Cable Type-C to Type-C (for USB-C PC) | |
| 1 | × | 1.28 Inch Round Circular TFT LCD Display Module | |
| 1 | × | Optionally, Micro SD Card |
Or you can buy the following kits:
| 1 | × | DIYables Sensor Kit (18 sensors/displays) |
Disclosure: Some of the links provided in this section are Amazon affiliate links. We may receive a commission for any purchases made through these links at no additional cost to you.
Additionally, some of these links are for products from our own brand, DIYables .
Additionally, some of these links are for products from our own brand, DIYables .
Overview of the 1.28 Inch Round TFT LCD Module
By the end of this part, you know what the module can do and what each pin is for.
The module packs an IPS panel into a 1.28 inch circle. The GC9A01 chip drives it, and the DIYables_TFT_Round library hides the low-level SPI work behind simple draw calls.
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Panel | 1.28 inch IPS TFT, circular |
| Pixel grid | 240x240, only the round area is visible |
| Driver chip | GC9A01 |
| Bus | 4-wire SPI |
| Colors | 65K, RGB565 |
| Good for | Watch faces, gauges, clocks, small dashboards |
Pinout
Seven pins stick out of the board edge.
| Pin | Role |
|---|---|
| VCC | Power input, 3.3V or 5V |
| GND | Ground |
| CS | Chip Select, the board pulls it LOW to talk to the screen |
| DC | Data or Command select (LOW = command, HIGH = data) |
| SDA | SPI data line (MOSI) |
| SCL | SPI clock line |
| RST | Resets the screen |
ESP32 Uno Pinout
Every Uno header pin on the ESP32 Uno form board is tied to one GPIO number, and your sketch uses that number. Match the labels in this diagram with the wiring table below before you plug in any wire.
How to Connect
By the end of this part, the screen is wired to the SPI pins of the ESP32 Uno.
This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image
※ NOTE THAT:
The wiring diagram may not show the correct pin. On the ESP32 Uno, the display RST wire goes to D4 (GPIO17), not D8 as the picture may show. We will update the diagram soon. Until then, follow the wiring table and the code on this page, not the picture.
※ NOTE THAT:
The wiring diagram may not show the correct wiring for the ESP32 Uno. In the radar sketch, the HC-SR04 ECHO pin sends a 5V signal, and ESP32 Uno pins are 3.3V only. The picture shows ECHO wired straight to the board. On the ESP32 Uno, put a voltage divider or a level converter on ECHO, as this page shows. We will update the diagram soon. Until then, follow the wiring table and the text on this page, not the picture.
| TFT LCD Pin | ESP32 Uno Pin | Description |
|---|---|---|
| VCC | 3.3V | Power supply (3.3V or 5V) |
| GND | GND | Ground |
| SCL | D13 (GPIO18) | SPI clock |
| SDA | D11 (GPIO23) | SPI MOSI |
| DC | D9 (GPIO13) | Data or Command |
| CS | D10 (GPIO5) | Chip Select |
| RST | D4 (GPIO17) | Reset |
Good to know: The ESP32 Uno logic is 3.3V, so power the module from the 3.3V pin. The D10 to D13 header pins are the default hardware SPI pins, so the library needs no pin change.
Code for the ESP32 Uno
By the end of this part, you know which sketch does what. Each one has full code and its own steps.
| Sketch File | What It Does |
|---|---|
| TFT_Round_ShowTextAndNumber.ino | Prints text and numbers in several colors |
| TFT_Round_UseExternalFont.ino | Renders text with external fonts |
| TFT_Round_DrawShapes.ino | Draws geometric shapes |
| TFT_Round_DrawImage.ino | Shows a bitmap from flash memory |
| TFT_Round_DrawImageSDcard.ino | Loads a BMP picture from a microSD card |
| TFT_Round_ClockWatch.ino | Draws an analog and digital clock |
Let's try them one by one.
Show Text, Integer and Float Numbers on the Round TFT
This sketch prints a text line, a float temperature and a humidity value with the DIYables_TFT_Round library.
/*
* This ESP32 Uno code was developed by newbiely.com
*
* This ESP32 Uno code is made available for public use without any restriction
*
* For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit:
* https://newbiely.com/tutorials/esp32-uno/esp32-uno-round-circular-tft-lcd-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Round.h>
#define RED DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 0, 0)
#define BLUE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 0, 255)
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
#define PIN_RST 17 // D4 (GPIO17) goes to the RST pin of the round TFT
#define PIN_DC 13 // D9 (GPIO13) goes to the DC pin of the round TFT
#define PIN_CS 5 // D10 (GPIO5) goes to the CS pin of the round TFT
DIYables_TFT_GC9A01_Round TFT_display(PIN_RST, PIN_DC, PIN_CS);
void setup() {
Serial.println(F("Arduino TFT LCD Display - show text and number"));
TFT_display.begin();
// pick a screen rotation from 0 to 3
TFT_display.setRotation(1); // turn the picture by 90 degrees
TFT_display.fillScreen(WHITE);
TFT_display.setTextSize(2); // change the size to fit your text
// two demo readings to show on the screen
float temperature = 26.4;
float humidity = 64.7;
// first line: temperature plus the degree sign
TFT_display.setTextColor(RED);
TFT_display.setCursor(5, 100); // x, y position of the first character
TFT_display.print("Temperature: ");
TFT_display.print(temperature, 1); // keep one digit after the dot
TFT_display.print(char(247));
TFT_display.println("C");
// second line: humidity in percent
TFT_display.setTextColor(BLUE);
TFT_display.setCursor(30, 140); // x, y position of the first character
TFT_display.print("Humidity: ");
TFT_display.print(humidity, 1); // keep one digit after the dot
TFT_display.print("%");
}
void loop(void) {
}
| Code Part | What It Does |
|---|---|
| TFT_display(PIN_RST, PIN_DC, PIN_CS) | Creates the display object with GPIO17, GPIO13 and GPIO5 |
| setRotation(1) | Turns the picture by 90 degrees |
| setCursor(x, y) | Sets where the next text starts |
| print(temperature, 1) | Prints the float with one decimal |
Upload and Test
Follow these steps in order:
- First time with this board? Set it up with ESP32 Uno - Getting Started before you continue.
- Build the circuit by following the wiring table above.
- Plug in the USB Type-C cable between the ESP32 Uno and your computer.
- Select the board in Arduino IDE: pick ESP32 Dev Module and the COM port of the board (CH340).
- Open the Library Manager: click the Libraries icon on the left bar of the Arduino IDE.
- Search for “DIYables TFT Round” and find the DIYables_TFT_Round library by DIYables.
- Install it: click the Install button.
- Search for DIYables TFT Round created by DIYables.io and click the Install button.
1
void setup() {
- Accept the dependencies: if the IDE asks, click Install All.
- Copy the code above and paste it into the Arduino IDE editor.
- Upload: click the Upload button. If the upload stalls at "Connecting...", hold the BOOT button on the board until it starts.
- Look at the screen. The text shows in red and blue. The default font is plain, and the next section upgrades it.
- Pro tip: change setTextSize(2) to 3 and watch how fast the long line runs off the round edge. Round screens cut the corners of the square grid.
Use External Fonts on the Round TFT
The library accepts custom fonts from the Adafruit GFX library, which is installed as a dependency. The sketch below prints the same line with four looks, using different fonts, colors and positions on the 240x240 screen.
To use a font:
- Find the Adafruit GFX library folder and open its Fonts subfolder.
- Choose one font file, such as FreeSans9pt7b.h.
- Include it in your code:
#include <Fonts/FreeSans9pt7b.h>
- Select it in setup():
tft.setFont(&FreeSans9pt7b);
Here is the full sketch with three fonts:
/*
* This ESP32 Uno code was developed by newbiely.com
*
* This ESP32 Uno code is made available for public use without any restriction
*
* For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit:
* https://newbiely.com/tutorials/esp32-uno/esp32-uno-round-circular-tft-lcd-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Round.h>
#include <Fonts/FreeSans9pt7b.h>
#include <Fonts/FreeSerif9pt7b.h>
#include <Fonts/FreeMono9pt7b.h>
#define PIN_RST 17 // D4 (GPIO17) goes to the RST pin of the round TFT
#define PIN_DC 13 // D9 (GPIO13) goes to the DC pin of the round TFT
#define PIN_CS 5 // D10 (GPIO5) goes to the CS pin of the round TFT
DIYables_TFT_GC9A01_Round TFT_display(PIN_RST, PIN_DC, PIN_CS);
void setup() {
Serial.println(F("Arduino TFT LCD Display - Use external font"));
TFT_display.begin();
TFT_display.fillScreen(DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 0, 0)); // black background
TFT_display.setTextColor(DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)); // white text first
TFT_display.setTextSize(2);
TFT_display.setCursor(40, 50);
TFT_display.print("Hello DIYables!"); // built-in font
TFT_display.setTextSize(1);
TFT_display.setFont(&FreeSans9pt7b);
TFT_display.setTextColor(DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 0, 0)); // red text
TFT_display.setCursor(60, 100);
TFT_display.print("Hello DIYables!"); // sans-serif font
TFT_display.setFont(&FreeSerif9pt7b);
TFT_display.setTextColor(DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 0, 255)); // blue text
TFT_display.setCursor(60, 140);
TFT_display.print("Hello DIYables!"); // serif font
TFT_display.setFont(&FreeMono9pt7b);
TFT_display.setTextColor(DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 255, 0)); // green text
TFT_display.setCursor(40, 180);
TFT_display.print("Hello DIYables!"); // monospace font
}
void loop(void) {
}
Upload and Test
- Copy the code above into the Arduino IDE editor.
- Click Upload.
- The screen shows the line in the default font, then in sans, serif and mono.
※ NOTE THAT:
Some fonts do not have every symbol, such as the degree sign (°) that the default font has. Check your font against what your project prints.
Draw Shapes on the Round TFT
The sketch draws circles, triangles, rectangles, rounded rectangles and diamonds in different screen areas, then repeats every 10 seconds.
/*
* This ESP32 Uno code was developed by newbiely.com
*
* This ESP32 Uno code is made available for public use without any restriction
*
* For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit:
* https://newbiely.com/tutorials/esp32-uno/esp32-uno-round-circular-tft-lcd-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Round.h>
#define BLACK DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 0, 0)
#define BLUE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 0, 255)
#define RED DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 0, 0)
#define GREEN DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 255, 0)
#define ORANGE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 165, 0)
#define PINK DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 192, 203)
#define VIOLET DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(148, 0, 211)
#define TURQUOISE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(64, 224, 208)
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
#define PIN_RST 17 // D4 (GPIO17) goes to the RST pin of the round TFT
#define PIN_DC 13 // D9 (GPIO13) goes to the DC pin of the round TFT
#define PIN_CS 5 // D10 (GPIO5) goes to the CS pin of the round TFT
DIYables_TFT_GC9A01_Round TFT_display(PIN_RST, PIN_DC, PIN_CS);
// builds a solid diamond out of two triangles
void fillDiamond(int cx, int cy, int h, int v, uint16_t color) {
int x0 = cx, y0 = cy - v;
int x1 = cx + h, y1 = cy;
int x2 = cx, y2 = cy + v;
int x3 = cx - h, y3 = cy;
TFT_display.fillTriangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
TFT_display.fillTriangle(x0, y0, x2, y2, x3, y3, color);
}
void setup() {
TFT_display.begin();
TFT_display.setRotation(1);
}
void loop() {
TFT_display.fillScreen(BLACK);
// circle outline, upper left
TFT_display.drawCircle(35, 70, 20, RED);
// solid circle, upper middle
TFT_display.fillCircle(90, 70, 20, RED);
// triangle outline, upper right
TFT_display.drawTriangle(125, 50, 165, 50, 145, 90, BLUE);
// solid triangle, far upper right
TFT_display.fillTriangle(175, 50, 215, 50, 195, 90, GREEN);
// rectangle outline, middle left
TFT_display.drawRect(15, 110, 40, 25, ORANGE);
// solid rectangle, center
TFT_display.fillRect(70, 110, 40, 25, TURQUOISE);
// rounded rectangle outline, middle right
TFT_display.drawRoundRect(125, 110, 40, 25, 8, VIOLET);
// solid rounded rectangle, far right
TFT_display.fillRoundRect(180, 110, 40, 25, 8, PINK);
// diamond outline drawn with four lines, lower left
int cx1 = 80, cy1 = 180, h1 = 20, v1 = 25;
TFT_display.drawLine(cx1, cy1 - v1, cx1 + h1, cy1, GREEN);
TFT_display.drawLine(cx1 + h1, cy1, cx1, cy1 + v1, GREEN);
TFT_display.drawLine(cx1, cy1 + v1, cx1 - h1, cy1, GREEN);
TFT_display.drawLine(cx1 - h1, cy1, cx1, cy1 - v1, GREEN);
// solid diamond, lower right
int cx2 = 160, cy2 = 180, h2 = 20, v2 = 25;
fillDiamond(cx2, cy2, h2, v2, BLUE);
delay(10000); // wait 10 seconds, then redraw
}
Upload and Test
- Copy the code above into the Arduino IDE editor.
- Click Upload.
- Watch the screen redraw all shapes every 10 seconds.
※ NOTE THAT:
The real screen looks sharper and brighter than the photo. Camera exposure changes the colors.
Show an Image on the Round TFT
There are two ways to keep a picture for the screen:
| Method | How It Works | Good | Bad |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bitmap array in code | Convert PNG or JPG to an array and keep it in the sketch | Fast drawing | Uses much memory, so few small images |
| BMP on a microSD card | Save a .bmp file on the card and read it with the sketch | Many large images | Slower drawing |
Keep the Image as a Bitmap Array
/*
* This ESP32 Uno code was developed by newbiely.com
*
* This ESP32 Uno code is made available for public use without any restriction
*
* For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit:
* https://newbiely.com/tutorials/esp32-uno/esp32-uno-round-circular-tft-lcd-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Round.h>
#include "bitmap.h"
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
#define PIN_RST 17 // D4 (GPIO17) goes to the RST pin of the round TFT
#define PIN_DC 13 // D9 (GPIO13) goes to the DC pin of the round TFT
#define PIN_CS 5 // D10 (GPIO5) goes to the CS pin of the round TFT
DIYables_TFT_GC9A01_Round TFT_display(PIN_RST, PIN_DC, PIN_CS);
int img_width = 120; // width of the bitmap in pixels
int img_height = 53; // height of the bitmap in pixels
uint16_t SCREEN_WIDTH;
uint16_t SCREEN_HEIGHT;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println(F("Arduino TFT LCD Display"));
TFT_display.begin();
SCREEN_WIDTH = TFT_display.width();
SCREEN_HEIGHT = TFT_display.height();
// top-left corner that puts the image in the middle
int x = (SCREEN_WIDTH - img_width) / 2;
int y = (SCREEN_HEIGHT - img_height) / 2;
TFT_display.fillScreen(WHITE);
TFT_display.drawRGBBitmap(x, y, myBitmap, img_width, img_height);
}
void loop(void) {
delay(2000);
TFT_display.invertDisplay(true); // show inverted colors for 2 seconds
delay(2000);
TFT_display.invertDisplay(false); // back to normal colors
}
Step 1 — Create the sketch
- Copy the code above into the Arduino IDE editor. Say the file is DrawImage.ino.
- Add a new file named bitmap.h: click the button below the Serial Monitor icon and choose New Tab, or press Ctrl+Shift+N.
- Type the name bitmap.h and click OK.
- Paste the code below into bitmap.h. This array draws the DIYables logo.
const uint16_t myBitmap[] PROGMEM = {0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x18c3, 0xbdf7, 0xbdf7, 0xe73c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x2124, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xdedb, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x0841, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x3186, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x2124, 0x528a, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x8c71, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x632c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x630c, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x3186,
0xf79e, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xbdf7, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x528a, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xe71c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x2124, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x73ae,
0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0020, 0xad55, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x3186, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x4a69, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff,
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0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x39e7, 0x39e7, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x39c7, 0x39e7, 0xef7d, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x8c51, 0xbdf7, 0xbdf7, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x8410, 0xbdf7, 0xbdf7, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x0000, };
Step 2 — Upload
Click Upload. The screen shows the DIYables logo, and the colors flip every 2 seconds.
Use Your Own Picture
- Pick a JPEG or PNG file.
- Open the Image to Bitmap Converter.
- Upload the picture and set the width (240 pixels at most).
- For a PNG with transparent areas, choose a background color.
- Click Convert, then copy the array into bitmap.h.
- Change img_width and img_height in the sketch to the new size.
- Click Upload.
Note:
- The image must fit in 240x240 pixels.
- After you edit bitmap.h, add a small change to the .ino file (for example one space). Then the Arduino IDE sees the update and rebuilds.
Load the Image from a MicroSD Card
This method needs a Micro SD Card and a Micro SD Card Module.
/*
* This ESP32 Uno code was developed by newbiely.com
*
* This ESP32 Uno code is made available for public use without any restriction
*
* For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit:
* https://newbiely.com/tutorials/esp32-uno/esp32-uno-round-circular-tft-lcd-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Round.h>
#include <SD.h>
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
#define PIN_RST 17 // D4 (GPIO17) goes to the RST pin of the round TFT
#define PIN_DC 13 // D9 (GPIO13) goes to the DC pin of the round TFT
#define PIN_CS 5 // D10 (GPIO5) goes to the CS pin of the round TFT
#define SD_CS 14 // D7 (GPIO14) goes to the CS pin of the SD card module
#define BUFFPIXEL 20 // number of pixels read from the card in one go
DIYables_TFT_GC9A01_Round TFT_display(PIN_RST, PIN_DC, PIN_CS);
File bmpFile;
uint16_t SCREEN_WIDTH;
uint16_t SCREEN_HEIGHT;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
if (!SD.begin(SD_CS)) {
Serial.println("SD card initialization failed!");
return;
}
Serial.println("SD card initialized successfully.");
Serial.println(F("Arduino TFT LCD Display"));
TFT_display.begin();
// pick a screen rotation from 0 to 3
TFT_display.setRotation(1); // turn the picture by 90 degrees
// read the screen size again after the rotation
SCREEN_WIDTH = TFT_display.width();
SCREEN_HEIGHT = TFT_display.height();
TFT_display.fillScreen(WHITE);
// find out how big the picture is
uint32_t imgWidth, imgHeight;
if (getBMPDimensions("diyables.bmp", imgWidth, imgHeight)) {
Serial.print("BMP Image Width: ");
Serial.println(imgWidth);
Serial.print("BMP Image Height: ");
Serial.println(imgHeight);
} else {
Serial.println("Failed to get BMP dimensions");
}
// work out the corner that centers the picture
int x = (SCREEN_WIDTH - imgWidth) / 2;
int y = (SCREEN_HEIGHT - imgHeight) / 2;
drawBMP("diyables.bmp", x, y); // draw the picture at that corner
}
void loop(void) {
}
// small helpers that read numbers from the BMP header
uint16_t read16(File &f) {
uint16_t result;
result = f.read();
result |= (f.read() << 8);
return result;
}
uint32_t read32(File &f) {
uint32_t result;
result = f.read();
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 8);
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 16);
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 24);
return result;
}
// reads a signed 32-bit number (height can be negative)
int32_t readS32(File &f) {
int32_t result;
result = f.read();
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 8);
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 16);
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 24);
return result;
}
// draws a 24-bit BMP file from the SD card
void drawBMP(const char *filename, int x, int y) {
bmpFile = SD.open(filename);
if (!bmpFile) {
Serial.println("File not found");
return;
}
if (read16(bmpFile) != 0x4D42) { // the first two bytes must be 'BM'
Serial.println("Not a BMP file");
bmpFile.close();
return;
}
// header details we do not need are skipped
Serial.println("BMP signature OK");
uint32_t fileSize = read32(bmpFile);
Serial.print("File Size: ");
Serial.println(fileSize);
read32(bmpFile); // reserved bytes, ignored
uint32_t imageOffset = read32(bmpFile); // where the pixel data begins
Serial.print("Image Data Offset: ");
Serial.println(imageOffset);
uint32_t dibHeaderSize = read32(bmpFile); // size of the DIB header
Serial.print("DIB Header Size: ");
Serial.println(dibHeaderSize);
// Now read the width and height of the image
uint32_t bmpWidth = read32(bmpFile);
int32_t bmpHeight = readS32(bmpFile); // Read as signed 32-bit integer
Serial.print("Image Width: ");
Serial.println(bmpWidth);
Serial.print("Image Height: ");
Serial.println(bmpHeight);
bool topDown = false; // true when rows are stored top to bottom
if (bmpHeight < 0) {
bmpHeight = -bmpHeight; // use a positive height from here on
topDown = true; // remember the row order
}
if (read16(bmpFile) != 1) { // color planes must equal 1
Serial.println("Invalid BMP file");
bmpFile.close();
return;
}
uint16_t depth = read16(bmpFile); // bits per pixel
Serial.print("Bit Depth: ");
Serial.println(depth);
if (depth != 24) { // only 24-bit BMP files work here
Serial.println("Only 24-bit BMP is supported");
bmpFile.close();
return;
}
if (read32(bmpFile) != 0) { // the file must not be compressed
Serial.println("Unsupported BMP compression");
bmpFile.close();
return;
}
// jump to the first pixel
bmpFile.seek(imageOffset);
uint8_t sdbuffer[3 * BUFFPIXEL]; // holds 20 pixels, 3 bytes each
uint16_t color;
uint32_t rowSize = (bmpWidth * 3 + 3) & ~3; // every BMP row is padded to a multiple of 4 bytes
// stop if the start point is off the screen
if (x >= SCREEN_WIDTH || y >= SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
Serial.println("Image position out of screen bounds");
return;
}
uint32_t maxRow = min(bmpHeight, SCREEN_HEIGHT - y);
uint32_t maxCol = min(bmpWidth, SCREEN_WIDTH - x);
// paint the picture row by row
for (uint32_t row = 0; row < maxRow; row++) {
int32_t rowPos = topDown ? row : bmpHeight - 1 - row; // bottom-up files are read from the last row
uint32_t filePosition = imageOffset + rowPos * rowSize;
bmpFile.seek(filePosition); // go to the start of this row
for (uint32_t col = 0; col < maxCol; col += BUFFPIXEL) {
uint32_t pixelsToRead = min(BUFFPIXEL, maxCol - col); // never read past the end of the row
bmpFile.read(sdbuffer, 3 * pixelsToRead); // read a block of pixels at once
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pixelsToRead; i++) {
uint8_t b = sdbuffer[i * 3];
uint8_t g = sdbuffer[i * 3 + 1];
uint8_t r = sdbuffer[i * 3 + 2];
color = DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(r, g, b);
// only draw pixels that fit on the screen
if ((x + col + i) < SCREEN_WIDTH && (y + row) < SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
TFT_display.drawPixel(x + col + i, y + row, color);
}
}
}
}
bmpFile.close(); // release the file
Serial.println("Finished drawing BMP");
}
// reads the width and height of a BMP file
bool getBMPDimensions(const char *filename, uint32_t &width, uint32_t &height) {
File bmpFile = SD.open(filename);
if (!bmpFile) {
Serial.println("File not found");
return false;
}
if (read16(bmpFile) != 0x4D42) { // the first two bytes must be 'BM'
Serial.println("Not a BMP file");
bmpFile.close();
return false;
}
read32(bmpFile); // file size is not needed
read32(bmpFile); // reserved bytes are not needed
uint32_t imageOffset = read32(bmpFile); // where the pixel data begins
uint32_t dibHeaderSize = read32(bmpFile); // size of the DIB header
// Read the width and height of the image
width = read32(bmpFile);
int32_t bmpHeight = readS32(bmpFile); // a negative value means top-down rows
height = (bmpHeight < 0) ? -bmpHeight : bmpHeight;
bmpFile.close(); // release the file
return true; // the size was read
}
Wire the SD Card Module
The module shares the SPI clock and data pins with the display. Only CS is separate.
| SD Module Pin | ESP32 Uno Pin |
|---|---|
| CS | D7 (GPIO14) |
| MOSI | D11 (GPIO23), shared with the display |
| MISO | D12 (GPIO19) |
| SCK | D13 (GPIO18), shared with the display |
Upload and Test
- Download diyables.bmp and save it on a formatted microSD card.
- Put the card in the SD card module.
- Wire the module as in the table above.
- Plug the ESP32 Uno into your computer with the USB cable.
- In the Arduino IDE, select ESP32 Dev Module and the right port.
- Copy the code above, then click Upload.
- The DIYables logo appears on the screen, and the Serial Monitor prints the BMP header details.
8
Serial.println("Hello World!");
Message (Enter to send message to 'ESP32 Dev Module' on 'COM15')
New Line
9600 baud
SD card initialized successfully.
Arduino TFT LCD Display
BMP Image Width: 120
BMP Image Height: 53
BMP signature OK
Finished drawing BMP
Use a New Picture
- Prepare a JPG or PNG picture.
- Keep the file name under 9 characters, not counting .bmp.
- Copy the file to the microSD card and put the card back in the module.
- Replace "diyables.bmp" in the code with your file name.
- Click Upload.
To show more pictures, add more tft.drawBmp() style calls with other file names and positions.
Good to know: The card module should run from 3.3V logic on the ESP32 Uno. A module with an on-board 5V level shifter works too when you power it from 5V, but its MISO line must still reach the board at 3.3V.
Analog and Digital Clock on the Round TFT
The sketch draws a clock face with hour, minute and second hands, plus a digital HH:MM:SS line under it.
The clock starts at 09:00:05 and counts time with millis(). The face has the numbers 1 to 12 and minute ticks. Only the changed parts are redrawn, so the screen does not blink.
/*
* This ESP32 Uno code was developed by newbiely.com
*
* This ESP32 Uno code is made available for public use without any restriction
*
* For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit:
* https://newbiely.com/tutorials/esp32-uno/esp32-uno-round-circular-tft-lcd-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Round.h>
#include <math.h>
#define PIN_RST 17 // D4 (GPIO17) goes to the RST pin of the round TFT
#define PIN_DC 13 // D9 (GPIO13) goes to the DC pin of the round TFT
#define PIN_CS 5 // D10 (GPIO5) goes to the CS pin of the round TFT
#define COLOR_BACKGROUND DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 0, 0) // black
#define COLOR_HOUR DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 80, 80) // soft red
#define COLOR_MINUTE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(80, 255, 80) // soft green
#define COLOR_SECOND DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 0, 255) // blue
#define COLOR_TICK DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 255, 200) // cyan-green
DIYables_TFT_GC9A01_Round TFT_display(PIN_RST, PIN_DC, PIN_CS);
const int CENTER_X = 120;
const int CENTER_Y = 120;
const int RADIUS = 110;
const int HOUR_LEN = 30;
const int MIN_LEN = 40;
const int SEC_LEN = 55;
// the clock starts at 09:00:05, stored in milliseconds
const unsigned long PRESET_MS =
9UL * 3600000UL + // 9 hours
0UL * 60000UL + // 0 minutes
5UL * 1000UL; // 5 seconds
float prevHourAngle = -1000, prevMinAngle = -1000, prevSecAngle = -1000;
int prevDispHour = -1, prevDispMin = -1, prevDispSec = -1;
void drawHand(int x, int y, float angle, int length, uint16_t color, int width) {
int x2 = x + length * cos(angle - M_PI / 2);
int y2 = y + length * sin(angle - M_PI / 2);
for (int w = -width / 2; w <= width / 2; w++) {
TFT_display.drawLine(x + w, y + w, x2 + w, y2 + w, color);
}
}
void drawTicks() {
for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
float angle = i * 6 * M_PI / 180.0;
int x1 = CENTER_X + (RADIUS - 8) * cos(angle - M_PI / 2);
int y1 = CENTER_Y + (RADIUS - 8) * sin(angle - M_PI / 2);
int x2 = CENTER_X + (RADIUS - (i % 5 == 0 ? 22 : 14)) * cos(angle - M_PI / 2);
int y2 = CENTER_Y + (RADIUS - (i % 5 == 0 ? 22 : 14)) * sin(angle - M_PI / 2);
TFT_display.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, COLOR_TICK);
}
TFT_display.setTextColor(COLOR_TICK, COLOR_BACKGROUND);
TFT_display.setTextSize(2);
for (int h = 1; h <= 12; h++) {
float angle = (h * 30) * M_PI / 180.0;
int tx = CENTER_X + (RADIUS - 38) * cos(angle - M_PI / 2) - 10;
int ty = CENTER_Y + (RADIUS - 38) * sin(angle - M_PI / 2) - 8;
TFT_display.setCursor(tx, ty);
TFT_display.print(h);
}
}
void printTime(int previous, int now, const char* offset, bool colon = true) {
int16_t x = 70, y = 200;
int16_t x1, y1;
uint16_t w, h;
TFT_display.getTextBounds(offset, x, y, &x1, &y1, &w, &h);
// overwrite the old digits with spaces
TFT_display.setCursor(x + w, y);
TFT_display.print(" ");
TFT_display.setCursor(x + w, y);
if (now < 10)
TFT_display.print('0');
TFT_display.print(now);
if (colon)
TFT_display.print(":");
}
void setup() {
TFT_display.begin();
TFT_display.fillScreen(COLOR_BACKGROUND);
TFT_display.drawCircle(CENTER_X, CENTER_Y, RADIUS, COLOR_TICK);
drawTicks();
TFT_display.setTextColor(DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 0), COLOR_BACKGROUND);
TFT_display.setTextSize(2);
// force loop() to paint every part on its first pass
prevDispHour = -1;
prevDispMin = -1;
prevDispSec = -1;
}
void loop() {
// current time = start offset + time since power-on
unsigned long ms = millis() + PRESET_MS;
float sec = fmod(ms / 1000.0, 60.0);
float min = fmod(ms / 60000.0, 60.0);
float hour = fmod(ms / 3600000.0, 12.0);
int dispHour = (int)hour == 0 ? 12 : (int)hour;
int dispMin = (int)min;
int dispSec = (int)sec;
float hourAngle = (hour + min / 60.0) * 30 * M_PI / 180.0;
float minAngle = (min + sec / 60.0) * 6 * M_PI / 180.0;
float secAngle = sec * 6 * M_PI / 180.0;
// hour hand moves in steps, redraw only when the time changed
if (dispHour != prevDispHour || dispMin != prevDispMin) {
if (prevHourAngle > -900)
drawHand(CENTER_X, CENTER_Y, prevHourAngle, HOUR_LEN, COLOR_BACKGROUND, 7); // erase the old hand
drawHand(CENTER_X, CENTER_Y, hourAngle, HOUR_LEN, COLOR_HOUR, 7);
prevHourAngle = hourAngle;
// refresh the digital hour
if (dispHour != prevDispHour) {
printTime(prevDispHour, dispHour, "");
prevDispHour = dispHour;
}
}
// minute hand moves in steps
if (dispMin != prevDispMin) {
if (prevMinAngle > -900)
drawHand(CENTER_X, CENTER_Y, prevMinAngle, MIN_LEN, COLOR_BACKGROUND, 5); // erase the old hand
drawHand(CENTER_X, CENTER_Y, minAngle, MIN_LEN, COLOR_MINUTE, 5);
printTime(prevDispMin, dispMin, "00:");
prevDispMin = dispMin;
prevMinAngle = minAngle;
}
// second hand moves every second
if (dispSec != prevDispSec) {
if (prevSecAngle > -900)
drawHand(CENTER_X, CENTER_Y, prevSecAngle, SEC_LEN, COLOR_BACKGROUND, 2); // erase the old hand
drawHand(CENTER_X, CENTER_Y, secAngle, SEC_LEN, COLOR_SECOND, 2);
TFT_display.fillCircle(CENTER_X, CENTER_Y, 7, COLOR_SECOND); // repaint the center dot
// refresh the digital seconds
printTime(prevDispSec, dispSec, "00:00:", false);
prevDispSec = dispSec;
prevSecAngle = secAngle;
}
}
| Code Part | What It Does | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| PRESET_MS | Start offset of 09 | 00 | 05 added to millis() |
| drawTicks() | Draws the 60 ticks and the numbers 1 to 12 | ||
| drawHand() | Draws a hand from the center at a given angle | ||
| printTime() | Updates the digital digits without redrawing the whole line |
Upload and Test
- Copy the code above into the Arduino IDE editor.
- Click Upload.
- A classic clock face appears. The second hand moves every second, and the digital time sits at the bottom.
Limits of This Clock
The time comes from millis(), starting at 09:00:05, so it is not real time. For real time, add an RTC module such as the DS3231, or read time over WiFi (see the Go Wireless part below).
Two small display bugs can show up:
- The hands sometimes flicker or leave marks. The code erases an old hand by drawing over it, which fails when hands overlap. Redraw the whole face to fix it.
- The digital time may look off-center, because digits have different widths. Use a font with equal-width characters, or move the cursor based on the text size.
Ways to polish the clock:
- Use your own font (see the external font sketch).
- Smooth the hands with anti-aliasing.
- Add the date, or switch to a 24-hour layout.
Panoramic Radar with the Round TFT and an Ultrasonic Sensor
This sketch turns the round TFT into a radar screen. A servo sweeps an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor through 180 degrees, and red dots mark obstacles.
Wire the Radar Parts
Keep the display wiring from the table above, then add the sensor and the servo.
| Part Pin | ESP32 Uno Pin |
|---|---|
| HC-SR04 VCC | 5V |
| HC-SR04 GND | GND |
| HC-SR04 TRIG | D2 (GPIO26) |
| HC-SR04 ECHO | D3 (GPIO25), through a voltage divider |
| Servo signal | D5 (GPIO16) |
| Servo VCC | 5V |
| Servo GND | GND |
WARNING
The HC-SR04 ECHO pin outputs 5V, but ESP32 Uno pins are not 5V tolerant. Put a voltage divider (for example 1kΩ and 2kΩ) between ECHO and D3 (GPIO25), or use a 3.3V ultrasonic module.
The sketch needs the ESP32Servo library by Kevin Harrington. Install it from the Library Manager, as you did for DIYables TFT Round.
/*
* This ESP32 Uno code was developed by newbiely.com
*
* This ESP32 Uno code is made available for public use without any restriction
*
* For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit:
* https://newbiely.com/tutorials/esp32-uno/esp32-uno-round-circular-tft-lcd-display
*/
/*
* Project: Panoramic Radar 180 degrees with a noise filter
* Hardware: ESP32 Uno + GC9A01 + HC-SR04 + SG90 Servo
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Round.h>
#include <ESP32Servo.h>
#include <math.h>
// ─── Pins ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#define PIN_RST 17 // D4 (GPIO17) to the display RST
#define PIN_DC 13 // D9 (GPIO13) to the display DC
#define PIN_CS 5 // D10 (GPIO5) to the display CS
#define PIN_TRIG 26 // D2 (GPIO26) to the HC-SR04 TRIG
#define PIN_ECHO 25 // D3 (GPIO25) to the HC-SR04 ECHO
#define PIN_SERVO 16 // D5 (GPIO16) to the servo signal wire
// ─── Colors (RGB565) ─────────────────────────────────────────────
#define BLACK DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 0, 0 )
#define GREEN DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 255, 0 )
#define DARK_GREEN DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 80, 0 )
#define RED DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 0, 0 )
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
// ─── Radar settings ──────────────────────────────────────────────
const int CX = 120; // middle of the sweep, x
const int CY = 130; // middle of the sweep, y
const int R = 100; // outer radius of the radar
const float MAX_DIST_CM = 50.0; // farthest distance drawn
const float DETECT_CM = 45.0; // closer than this counts as an obstacle
const int STEP = 4; // servo step per scan, in degrees
const int DOT_RADIUS = 3; // size of the red obstacle dot
DIYables_TFT_GC9A01_Round tft(PIN_RST, PIN_DC, PIN_CS);
Servo radarServo;
int angle = 0;
int scanDirection = 1;
float lastDist[181];
// remember the last text so it is only redrawn on change
int lastDisplayAngle = -1;
int lastDisplayDist = -1;
// ─── Angle and distance to screen position ───────────────────────
inline void polarToXY(int deg, float dist, int &x, int &y) {
float rad = deg * M_PI / 180.0;
x = CX + (int)(cos(rad) * dist);
y = CY - (int)(sin(rad) * dist);
}
// ─── Radar grid, drawn one time ──────────────────────────────────
void drawStaticRadar() {
tft.drawCircleHelper(CX, CY, R, 3, DARK_GREEN);
tft.drawCircleHelper(CX, CY, R * 3 / 4, 3, DARK_GREEN);
tft.drawCircleHelper(CX, CY, R / 2, 3, DARK_GREEN);
tft.drawCircleHelper(CX, CY, R / 4, 3, DARK_GREEN);
tft.drawLine(CX - R, CY, CX + R, CY, DARK_GREEN);
tft.drawLine(CX, CY, CX, CY - R, DARK_GREEN);
}
// ─── Repaint grid dots wiped by the sweep line ───────────────────
void restoreGridAtAngle(int deg) {
float rad = deg * M_PI / 180.0;
float c = cos(rad), s = sin(rad);
int radii[] = { R, R * 3 / 4, R / 2, R / 4 };
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
int gx = CX + (int)(c * radii[i]);
int gy = CY - (int)(s * radii[i]);
tft.drawPixel(gx, gy, DARK_GREEN);
}
if (deg == 90) {
tft.drawLine(CX, CY - R, CX, CY, DARK_GREEN);
}
}
// ─── One raw ultrasonic reading ──────────────────────────────────
float singleUltrasonicMeasure() {
digitalWrite(PIN_TRIG, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(PIN_TRIG, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(PIN_TRIG, LOW);
long dur = pulseIn(PIN_ECHO, HIGH, 30000);
if (dur == 0) return MAX_DIST_CM;
float d = (dur * 0.0343f) / 2.0f;
return (d > MAX_DIST_CM) ? MAX_DIST_CM : d;
}
// ─── Filtered reading: average of 5 samples without extremes ─────
float measureDistanceWithFilter() {
float filterArray[5];
// 1. take 5 readings in a row
for (int sample = 0; sample < 5; sample++) {
filterArray[sample] = singleUltrasonicMeasure();
delay(20); // short pause between readings
}
// 2. sort the readings from small to large
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < 5; j++) {
if (filterArray[i] > filterArray[j]) {
float swap = filterArray[i];
filterArray[i] = filterArray[j];
filterArray[j] = swap;
}
}
}
// 3. drop the smallest and the largest reading,
// then average the three in the middle
double sum = 0;
for (int sample = 1; sample < 4; sample++) {
sum += filterArray[sample];
}
return (float)(sum / 3.0);
}
// ─── Remove the sweep line at one angle ──────────────────────────
void eraseSweepLine(int deg) {
if (deg < 0 || deg > 180) return;
int tx, ty;
polarToXY(deg, R, tx, ty);
tft.drawLine(CX, CY, tx, ty, BLACK);
restoreGridAtAngle(deg);
}
// ─── Remove the obstacle dot at one angle ────────────────────────
void eraseObjectDot(int deg) {
if (lastDist[deg] <= 0 || lastDist[deg] >= DETECT_CM) return;
float scale = (lastDist[deg] / MAX_DIST_CM) * R;
int ox, oy;
polarToXY(deg, scale, ox, oy);
tft.fillCircle(ox, oy, DOT_RADIUS, BLACK);
restoreGridAtAngle(deg);
}
// ─── Status text without flicker ─────────────────────────────────
void updateStatusText(int deg, float dist) {
int distInt = (dist >= MAX_DIST_CM) ? -1 : (int)dist;
if (deg == lastDisplayAngle && distInt == lastDisplayDist) return;
// wipe the old text by drawing it again in black
tft.setTextColor(BLACK);
tft.setTextSize(2);
tft.setCursor(40, 180);
tft.print("Ang:");
tft.print(lastDisplayAngle < 0 ? 0 : lastDisplayAngle);
tft.print(" D:");
if (lastDisplayDist == -1) tft.print("--");
else tft.print(lastDisplayDist);
tft.print("cm");
// write the new text in white
tft.setTextColor(WHITE);
tft.setCursor(40, 180);
tft.print("Ang:");
tft.print(deg);
tft.print(" D:");
if (distInt == -1) tft.print("--");
else tft.print(distInt);
tft.print("cm");
lastDisplayAngle = deg;
lastDisplayDist = distInt;
}
// ─── setup ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(PIN_TRIG, OUTPUT);
pinMode(PIN_ECHO, INPUT);
for (int i = 0; i <= 180; i++) lastDist[i] = 0.0f;
radarServo.attach(PIN_SERVO);
radarServo.write(0);
delay(500);
tft.begin();
tft.setRotation(2);
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
drawStaticRadar();
// first status line
tft.setTextColor(WHITE);
tft.setTextSize(2);
tft.setCursor(40, 180);
tft.print("Ang:0 D:--cm");
}
// ─── loop ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
void loop() {
// 1. turn the servo to the next angle
radarServo.write(angle);
delay(15); // let the servo arm settle before measuring
// 2. measure the distance with the filter
float dist = measureDistanceWithFilter();
// 3. remove the previous sweep line
int prevAngle = constrain(angle - scanDirection * STEP, 0, 180);
eraseSweepLine(prevAngle);
// 4. remove the dot left from the last sweep at this angle
eraseObjectDot(angle);
// 5. draw the sweep line
int tx, ty;
polarToXY(angle, R, tx, ty);
tft.drawLine(CX, CY, tx, ty, GREEN);
// 6. add a red dot when something is close
if (dist < DETECT_CM) {
float scale = (dist / MAX_DIST_CM) * R;
int ox, oy;
polarToXY(angle, scale, ox, oy);
tft.fillCircle(ox, oy, DOT_RADIUS, RED);
lastDist[angle] = dist; // keep it so the next sweep can erase it
} else {
lastDist[angle] = 0.0f; // nothing here, forget the old value
}
// 7. refresh the status text
updateStatusText(angle, dist);
// 8. step the angle and turn around at both ends
angle += scanDirection * STEP;
if (angle >= 180) { angle = 180; scanDirection = -1; }
else if (angle <= 0) { angle = 0; scanDirection = 1; }
}
Video Tutorial
See the ESP32 Uno build in action in the video below.
ESP32 Uno vs UNO R4 for This Project
By the end of this part, you know what changes when you move this round TFT project from the UNO R4 to the ESP32 Uno.
| Item | Arduino UNO R4 | ESP32 Uno |
|---|---|---|
| Logic voltage | 5V | 3.3V |
| Display pins RST, DC, CS | D8, D9, D10 | D4 (GPIO17), D9 (GPIO13), D10 (GPIO5) |
| SD card CS | D7 | D7 (GPIO14) |
| Radar pins | D2, D3, D5 | D2 (GPIO26), D3 (GPIO25), D5 (GPIO16) |
| Servo library | Servo.h | ESP32Servo.h |
| Arduino IDE board | Arduino UNO R4 WiFi | ESP32 Dev Module |
The wiring differs in one place: RST goes to D4 on the ESP32 Uno, not D8 as in the UNO R4 picture, because GPIO12 (D8) must be LOW at power-on. All other pins match. Watch the HC-SR04 ECHO line, which is 5V, and power the display from 3.3V.
Go Wireless: Send Content to the Round Screen
By the end of this part, you have an idea for driving the round TFT from your phone.
The ESP32 Uno has WiFi and Bluetooth, so the screen does not have to show fixed text. Type a message on a phone or a web page, and the board prints it on the display. You can also show a live reading, or set the clock from the network.
Pick a tutorial that fits:
Troubleshooting
| Problem | Possible Cause | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Screen stays black | Wrong RST, DC or CS wire, or no power | Check the wiring table and use the 3.3V pin for VCC |
| Screen shows noise or wrong colors | Loose SDA or SCL wire | Re-seat the wires on D11 (GPIO23) and D13 (GPIO18) |
| No COM port appears | CH340 driver missing or a charge-only cable | Install the CH340 driver and use a data USB cable |
| Upload fails with Connecting... | The board is not in download mode | Hold the BOOT button while the upload starts |
| Compile error about bitmap.h | The bitmap.h tab is missing | Create the bitmap.h file next to the sketch |
| SD card initialization failed | Wrong CS pin, bad card format or loose wire | Use D7 (GPIO14) for CS, format the card as FAT32 and check MISO on D12 (GPIO19) |
| Radar reads 0 or random values | ECHO wire is loose or has no divider | Check D3 (GPIO25) and add a voltage divider |
| Servo jitters or the board resets | The servo draws too much current from USB | Power the servo from a separate 5V supply and join the grounds |
| Image looks cut at the edge | The bitmap is larger than the round area | Keep the picture inside 240x240 and away from the corners |
FAQ
What is the GC9A01 round TFT display?
It is a 1.28 inch circular color screen with 240x240 pixels and 65K colors. It talks over SPI, so it needs only a few wires. It is popular for watch faces, gauges and small dashboards.
Can I power the round TFT from 5V with the ESP32 Uno?
The module accepts 3.3V or 5V on VCC. On the ESP32 Uno, use the 3.3V pin, so the power level matches the 3.3V signal pins.
Which library should I install for the round TFT?
Install DIYables_TFT_Round by DIYables from the Library Manager. Click Install All when it asks for its dependencies, such as the Adafruit GFX library.
Why does the screen show only part of my picture?
The pixel grid is square, but only the round area is visible. The corners are cut off. Keep important content inside the circle.
Which SPI pins does the round TFT use on the ESP32 Uno?
The clock goes to D13 (GPIO18) and the data goes to D11 (GPIO23). Those are the default hardware SPI pins, so the library works without any pin setting.
Why does the display RST wire go to D4 and not D8?
The UNO R4 uses D8 for RST. On the ESP32 Uno, D8 is GPIO12, which must be LOW at power-on. Many display modules pull RST up to 3.3V, and then the board may not boot. D4 (GPIO17) is a safe pin, so RST goes there.
What if my project needs more pins than the Uno headers give?
The ESP32 Uno has a few extra holes near the power header: GPIO32 and GPIO33 (I/O, PWM, analog on ADC1) and GPIO15 (I/O, PWM, analog on ADC2). Solder pin headers to use them and write the GPIO number in the code. For an extra sensor next to the display, GPIO32 or GPIO33 is the best choice. Two warnings: GPIO15 and GPIO0 (the IO0 pin at the unused Uno NC position) are boot strapping pins, so a wrong connection can stop the board from booting or uploading, which is why you try GPIO32 and GPIO33 first. Never use the six holes under the digital header (SD0 to SD3, CMD, CLK = GPIO6 to GPIO11). They connect to the flash chip, and using them crashes the board.
Why do I need ESP32Servo for the radar, and not Servo.h?
The ESP32 core has no Servo.h that works with its timers. The ESP32Servo library gives the same attach() and write() calls. The UNO R4 sketch only changes the include line.
Can I use the HC-SR04 sensor directly on the ESP32 Uno?
Not safely. Its ECHO pin gives 5V and the ESP32 Uno pins are not 5V tolerant. Add a voltage divider on ECHO, or buy a 3.3V version of the sensor.
Can I use SoftwareSerial or UNO shields with this project?
This project uses no serial module, so you do not need it. For other projects, use Serial2 instead of SoftwareSerial. UNO shields fit the headers, but check that they work with 3.3V logic.
Can I make the clock show real time?
Yes. Add a DS3231 RTC module, or get the time over WiFi, because the ESP32 Uno has WiFi built in. Then replace the millis() offset in the sketch with the real hour, minute and second.
Can I send text to the round screen from my phone?
Yes. The ESP32 Uno has WiFi and Bluetooth, so you can build a web page or a phone app that sends a message and prints it with setCursor() and print(). See the Go Wireless part for tutorials.