Arduino Nano - Potentiometer Piezo Buzzer
This tutorial instructs you how to use Arduino Nano and potentiometer to control piezo buzzer. In detail:
- Arduino Nano checks if the potentiometer's analog value is greater than a threshold, and make sound accordingly
- Arduino Nano checks if the potentiometer's analog value is lower than a threshold, and stop making sound accordingly
- Arduino Nano checks if the potentiometer's output voltage is greater than a threshold, and make sound accordingly
- Arduino Nano checks if the potentiometer's output voltage is lower than a threshold, and stop making sound accordingly
- Arduino Nano checks if the potentiometer's output voltage is greater than a threshold, and make melody of song accordingly
Hardware Preparation
Or you can buy the following sensor kits:
| 1 | × | DIYables Sensor Kit (30 sensors/displays) | |
| 1 | × | DIYables Sensor Kit (18 sensors/displays) |
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Additionally, some of these links are for products from our own brand, DIYables.
Overview of Piezo Buzzer and Potentiometer
If you are not familiar with piezo buzzer and potentiometer (pinout, how it works, how to program ...), you can find out more in the following tutorials:
Wiring Diagram
This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image
Arduino Nano Code - Simple Sound - Analog Threshold
/*
* This Arduino Nano code was developed by newbiely.com
*
* This Arduino Nano code is made available for public use without any restriction
*
* For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit:
* https://newbiely.com/tutorials/arduino-nano/arduino-nano-potentiometer-piezo-buzzer
*/
const int POTENTIOMETER_PIN = A0; // The Arduino Nano pin connected to Potentiometer pin
const int BUZZER_PIN = 2; // The Arduino Nano pin connected to Buzzer's pin
const int ANALOG_THRESHOLD = 500;
void setup() {
pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT); // set arduino pin to output mode
}
void loop() {
int analog_value = analogRead(POTENTIOMETER_PIN); // read the input on analog pin
if(analog_value > ANALOG_THRESHOLD)
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH); // turn on Piezo Buzzer
else
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW); // turn off Piezo Buzzer
}
Detailed Instructions
- Plug the USB cable into the Arduino Nano and PC.
- Launch the Arduino IDE, select the appropriate board and port.
- Paste the code into the IDE and open it.
- Click the Upload button to transfer the code to the Arduino Nano.
- Turn the potentiometer.
- Listen to the sound of the piezo buzzer.
Code Explanation
Check out the line-by-line explanation contained in the comments of the source code!
Arduino Nano Code - Simple Sound - Voltage Threshold
The analog value of a Potentiometer is changed to a voltage value,. Then this voltage is compared to a voltage threshold,. Which will activate the Piezo Buzzer if the threshold is exceeded.
/*
* This Arduino Nano code was developed by newbiely.com
*
* This Arduino Nano code is made available for public use without any restriction
*
* For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit:
* https://newbiely.com/tutorials/arduino-nano/arduino-nano-potentiometer-piezo-buzzer
*/
const int POTENTIOMETER_PIN = A0; // The Arduino Nano pin connected to Potentiometer pin
const int BUZZER_PIN = 2; // The Arduino Nano pin connected to Buzzer's pin
const float VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD = 2.5; // Voltages
void setup() {
pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT); // set arduino pin to output mode
}
void loop() {
int analog_value = analogRead(POTENTIOMETER_PIN); // read the input on analog pin
float voltage = floatMap(analog_value, 0, 1023, 0, 5); // Rescale to potentiometer's voltage
if(voltage > VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD)
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH); // turn on Piezo Buzzer
else
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW); // turn off Piezo Buzzer
}
float floatMap(float x, float in_min, float in_max, float out_min, float out_max) {
return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min;
}
Arduino Nano Code - Melody - Voltage Threshold
/*
* This Arduino Nano code was developed by newbiely.com
*
* This Arduino Nano code is made available for public use without any restriction
*
* For comprehensive instructions and wiring diagrams, please visit:
* https://newbiely.com/tutorials/arduino-nano/arduino-nano-potentiometer-piezo-buzzer
*/
#include "pitches.h"
const int POTENTIOMETER_PIN = A0; // The Arduino Nano pin connected to Potentiometer pin
const int BUZZER_PIN = 2; // The Arduino Nano pin connected to Buzzer's pin
const float VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD = 2.5; // Voltages
// notes in the melody:
int melody[] = {
NOTE_E5, NOTE_E5, NOTE_E5,
NOTE_E5, NOTE_E5, NOTE_E5,
NOTE_E5, NOTE_G5, NOTE_C5, NOTE_D5,
NOTE_E5,
NOTE_F5, NOTE_F5, NOTE_F5, NOTE_F5,
NOTE_F5, NOTE_E5, NOTE_E5, NOTE_E5, NOTE_E5,
NOTE_E5, NOTE_D5, NOTE_D5, NOTE_E5,
NOTE_D5, NOTE_G5
};
// note durations: 4 = quarter note, 8 = eighth note, etc, also called tempo:
int noteDurations[] = {
8, 8, 4,
8, 8, 4,
8, 8, 8, 8,
2,
8, 8, 8, 8,
8, 8, 8, 16, 16,
8, 8, 8, 8,
4, 4
};
void setup() {
}
void loop() {
int analog_value = analogRead(POTENTIOMETER_PIN); // read the input on analog pin
float voltage = floatMap(analog_value, 0, 1023, 0, 5); // Rescale to potentiometer's voltage
if(voltage > VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD)
buzzer(); // play a song
}
float floatMap(float x, float in_min, float in_max, float out_min, float out_max) {
return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min;
}
void buzzer() {
// iterate over the notes of the melody:
int size = sizeof(noteDurations) / sizeof(int);
for (int thisNote = 0; thisNote < size; thisNote++) {
// to calculate the note duration, take one second divided by the note type.
//e.g. quarter note = 1000 / 4, eighth note = 1000/8, etc.
int noteDuration = 1000 / noteDurations[thisNote];
tone(BUZZER_PIN, melody[thisNote], noteDuration);
// to distinguish the notes, set a minimum time between them.
// The note's duration + 30% seems to work well:
int pauseBetweenNotes = noteDuration * 1.30;
delay(pauseBetweenNotes);
// stop the tone playing:
noTone(BUZZER_PIN);
}
}
Detailed Instructions
- Copy the code and open it with the Arduino IDE.
- Create the pitches.h file On Arduino IDE by:
- Either click on the button just below the serial monitor icon and choose New Tab, or use Ctrl+Shift+N keys.
- Give file's name pitches.h and click OK button
- Copy the below code and paste it to the created pitches.h file.
- Click the Upload button on the Arduino IDE to compile and upload the code to the Arduino Nano.
- Turn the potentiometer.
- Hear the melody coming from the piezo buzzer.
/*************************************************
* Public Constants
*************************************************/
#define NOTE_B0 31
#define NOTE_C1 33
#define NOTE_CS1 35
#define NOTE_D1 37
#define NOTE_DS1 39
#define NOTE_E1 41
#define NOTE_F1 44
#define NOTE_FS1 46
#define NOTE_G1 49
#define NOTE_GS1 52
#define NOTE_A1 55
#define NOTE_AS1 58
#define NOTE_B1 62
#define NOTE_C2 65
#define NOTE_CS2 69
#define NOTE_D2 73
#define NOTE_DS2 78
#define NOTE_E2 82
#define NOTE_F2 87
#define NOTE_FS2 93
#define NOTE_G2 98
#define NOTE_GS2 104
#define NOTE_A2 110
#define NOTE_AS2 117
#define NOTE_B2 123
#define NOTE_C3 131
#define NOTE_CS3 139
#define NOTE_D3 147
#define NOTE_DS3 156
#define NOTE_E3 165
#define NOTE_F3 175
#define NOTE_FS3 185
#define NOTE_G3 196
#define NOTE_GS3 208
#define NOTE_A3 220
#define NOTE_AS3 233
#define NOTE_B3 247
#define NOTE_C4 262
#define NOTE_CS4 277
#define NOTE_D4 294
#define NOTE_DS4 311
#define NOTE_E4 330
#define NOTE_F4 349
#define NOTE_FS4 370
#define NOTE_G4 392
#define NOTE_GS4 415
#define NOTE_A4 440
#define NOTE_AS4 466
#define NOTE_B4 494
#define NOTE_C5 523
#define NOTE_CS5 554
#define NOTE_D5 587
#define NOTE_DS5 622
#define NOTE_E5 659
#define NOTE_F5 698
#define NOTE_FS5 740
#define NOTE_G5 784
#define NOTE_GS5 831
#define NOTE_A5 880
#define NOTE_AS5 932
#define NOTE_B5 988
#define NOTE_C6 1047
#define NOTE_CS6 1109
#define NOTE_D6 1175
#define NOTE_DS6 1245
#define NOTE_E6 1319
#define NOTE_F6 1397
#define NOTE_FS6 1480
#define NOTE_G6 1568
#define NOTE_GS6 1661
#define NOTE_A6 1760
#define NOTE_AS6 1865
#define NOTE_B6 1976
#define NOTE_C7 2093
#define NOTE_CS7 2217
#define NOTE_D7 2349
#define NOTE_DS7 2489
#define NOTE_E7 2637
#define NOTE_F7 2794
#define NOTE_FS7 2960
#define NOTE_G7 3136
#define NOTE_GS7 3322
#define NOTE_A7 3520
#define NOTE_AS7 3729
#define NOTE_B7 3951
#define NOTE_C8 4186
#define NOTE_CS8 4435
#define NOTE_D8 4699
#define NOTE_DS8 4978
Code Explanation
**Read the line-by-line explanation in comment lines of the source code!**. Examine the line-by-line description in the remarks of the source code!
※ NOTE THAT:
The code above utilizes the delay() function. This has the effect of blocking other code while the melody is playing. To prevent this from happening, the ezBuzzer library can be used instead. This library is specifically designed to allow the buzzer to beep or play a melody without blocking other code.